Writing in Math


   
B
rian Beasley and Greg Goeckel, both professors in the math department, tried to solve the problem of accountability in homework, Beasley by asking each student in Math 105 and 108 to keep a written journal. In the syllabus he wrote: 'The purpose of the journal is to help you keep up with the homework and to help me give you more feedback on your work."

   In the journals Beasley asked the students to list the homework problems they tried, the ones they could not solve, and the total time spent on homework. In addition, he wanted a brief written summary of any observations and questions they had about that day's class or assignment. He asked for one full page for each class day, not counting test days. Checking the journals weekly and using them for possible bonus points at the end of the semester, Beasley found that journals did not take as long as he had thought to skim or read and that his feedback on the journals encouraged students to come by his office to discuss problems with him.

   The students, especially freshmen, wanted more specific guidelines for their journals, ranging from what topics to write about to what size and type of notebook to use. Some of the more creative students found notebooks with very small pages. While some students came to see the journals as an extra burden and questioned their value, others used the pages to communicate more effectively with their instructor. Some explained previous attitudes toward math, especially math anxiety and even math disabilities that they would not have shared face-to-face. Other students asked for help with specific homework problems. One student wrote on the course evaluations: "[The journal] helped me establish a relationship with my teacher as well as process what it was that I needed help on."

   Beasley suggested a few changes to make the journal assignments more effective:
1. Be more specific in the syllabus description, including how journals will help the student's grade and what format is expected for the journal entries. This semester Beasley collects a half page of writing on looseleaf notebook paper at each class meeting.
2. Consider requiring daily writing to encourage accountability and to provide prompter feedback. Take up journals every day in class, not weekly.
3. Vary journal topics: add a Problem of the Week, a problem that would make connections; Consider designating certain homework problems to be handed in along with the journal entries; have students tackle word problems or rewrite them in their own words; or let students discuss the lecture or group work in the journals. Beasley also asks students this semester to write about any help they receive from the math lab, a classmate, or a sorority sister to encourage them to seek such help.

  
Greg Goeckel first used writing to help his students learn math by having them write how they solved their homework problems. If they could not solve a problem, he asked them to write on what they did up to the point they got lost. Because the writing showed their thought processes, Goeckel was able to help them through their individual difficulties.

   The "downside" of this experiment, according to Goeckel, was that "some students gave a lot of detail, while some just gave a few steps." He also found it difficult to find good problems for the students to write about, but he has begun giving students partial credit for writing out their thinking about problems that they cannot solve on tests.

   His next experiment was having students e-mail him, answering the question "What did you learn in the lecture today?" They also had the opportunity to question him about the day's class. These summaries gave him feedback on whether the lecture was clear or complete enough. Goeckel counted their e-mail as part of the 10% for class participation. Managing e-mail could be a problem. Goeckel created an e-mail file for each class (108G, for example) and responded only to those who had questions or errors in mathematical vocabulary. Students learned to use correct mathematical vocabulary as they wrote about math and also had a way to have their questions answered before the next class.

   Although some would find writing in a math class unusual, Goeckel and Beasley discovered its benefits.

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How the Writing Center Can Help Faculty

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